Current therapies for rheumatoid arthritis rely on sustained immunosuppression rather than restoration of immune tolerance, with off-drug remission remaining rare. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy may be an effective approach.

We are in a transformative era in SLE which generates excitement to both physicians and people living with lupus. We now have four licensed biologics/targeted therapies (i.e., belimumab, voclosporin and obinutuzumab for active lupus nephritis, and belimumab and anifrolumab for active non-renal SLE). Moreover, many other agents with different mode of action and administration are in late phase trials. This article previews some data being