Again with respect, a few more points: The ANA "diffuse pattern" referenced in the video is no longer the preferred term. The current standardized ICAP nomenclature uses "homogenous" (AC-1) rather than "diffuse". The ICAP initiative was specifically developed to promote harmonization of staining pattern nomenclature and to address the problem of inconsistent terminology. On a separate note: The "homogeneous" (AC-1) pattern is the second most common in SLE, occurring in approximately 35% of SLE patients. "Fine speckled" (AC-4) and "large speckled" (AC-5), together comprise approximately 52% of SLE patients. These patterns increase suspicion in SLE workups, even in the absence of more specific SLE antibodies like dsDNA and anti-Sm. Lastly: In the absence of dsDNA or anti-SM (as in late-onset SLE), esp. if C3 & C4 are generally stable, monitoring SLE disease activity can be challenging. Some studies demonstrate that ANA titers decrease significantly in patients whose disease activity decreases, and ANA titers are lower in patients in remission compared to patients with intermediate or active disease activity. Monitoring ANA titers could potentially be useful in these cases.