The breakthroughs in OA are the use of metformin, GLP-1 agonists, SGLT2, and iInhibiting the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), which degrades PGE2, showing promise for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment by boosting regenerative PGE2 levels, especially with small molecules like SW033291 (PGDHi), which stimulates cartilage repair in mice by altering gene expression in chondrocytes, offering a new approach beyond traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, Science paper.