In clinical practice, pulmonary manifestations of rheumatic medical diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) are typically not screened for upon diagnosis of a rheumatic disease in patients without any signs or symptoms suggestive of pulmonary involvement.

For over 70 years, glucocorticoids, (GC) have been a part of standard therapy in SLE. They are classically used to not only induce remission or treat an acute flare, but also as maintenance therapy. They are a valuable 'friend' if used wisely, and can become a 'foe' if used excessively.