BMJ has published a clinical practice guideline resulting from the work of an international, multidisciplinary panel addressing chronic spine pain (≥3 months duration) not associated with cancer or inflammatory arthropathy. This is a chronic (not acute) spine pain guideline. 

The global prevalence of chronic low back pain has been estimated at 4% among adults aged 24-39 years and 20% among adults aged 20-59.  In 2016, low back and neck pain accounted for the highest healthcare spending in the US at $134.5 billion.