De la Vega et al. have published in Science Translational Medicine the efficacy of an IL-1Ra gene therapy in adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

In a dose-escalation trial in nine participants, they observed that a single intra-articular injection of the gene product led to an increase in IL-1Ra in the synovial fluid that remained elevated for up to a year. There were no serious adverse events related to the gene delivery. 

A randomized, controlled clinical trial in fibromyalgia (FM) has shown the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) (along with exercise and pain neuroscience education [PNE]), in alleviating the pain.